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''' CANCER -COME- *CURES* '''
WITH MOST RESPECTFUL, LOVING AND CARING DEDICATION -to all the *cancer-patients* in the world-
See Ya all on !WOW! -the World Students Society and Twitter-!E-WOW!- the Ecosystem 2011:
Early stage in the study refereed to Stage 1 or Stage 2, meaning the tumors were generally no bigger than five centimeters and had spread to no more than three lymph nodes.
The study was done in Europe. where ''early stage'' includes somewhat larger numbers than would be included in the United States.
*More than half of the breast cancers in the United States are diagnosed in early stages*.
*The research involved 6,093 with early-stage breast cancer of 112 hospitals in nine European countries*.
The study was paid for by the grants from governments, drug companies and charitable groups. Agendia, the company that markets MammaPrint, did the testing at no cost.
The women had the usual initial treatments -surgery, hormonal therapy and radiation.
Then, researchers determine whether each woman had a high or low-risk of occurrence based on genomic testing and on clinical features like tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes. Sometimes, the clinical and genomic risks did not match.
MammaPrint looks at the activity of 70 genes. In a low-risk tumor, 50 genes are turned off and 20 are active, according to Laura J. van't Veer, a developer of the test and molecular biologist at the University of California, San Francisco.
In high-risk cases, 50 genes are on and 20 off. The researchers were especially interested in the women -about a quarter of those in the study -who seemed to have a high clinical risk but a low genomic risk.
Dr. Fatima Cardoso, the first author of the study and a breast oncologist at Champalimaud Clinical Center in Lisbon, said that traditionally, women with early cancer but high clinical risk were usually given chemotherapy.
She said that doctors knew that not all would benefit from it, but gave it to all anyway to err on the side of caution, because they could not identify which women did not really need it.
The main goal of the study was to find out whether women with a high clinical risk but a low genomic risk could safely forgo chemo.
There were 1,550 women with high clinical risk and low genomic risk, writes Denise Grady. They were assigned at random to be treated according to their genomic risk or their clinical risk.
So some received chemotherapy, and others did not. then the researchers watched to see if any had the distant spread of the cancer to other organs, which is often fatal.
After five years, among those who did not receive chemotherapy, 94.4 percent had no distant spread. Those who received chemo fared slightly better: 95. 9 percent had no distant spread.
''We have to continue to follow these patients and see what happens at 10 years,'' Dr. Cardoso said.
But given the small difference so far, the researchers said that it was safe for women with early disease and high clinical risk, but low genomic risk, to skip chemotherapy.
The findings, they said, mean that 48 percent of women with early-stage disease who are thought to be at high clinical risk may be able to skip chemo.
With respectful dedication to the Research Scientists the world over, and Students, Professors and Teachers of the world, and All doctors and most of all-
To the very loving and fond memory of my eldest sister Ms. Imtiaz Alam Hashmi Querishi, a victim of this wretched disease. And,
At the proud temporary hosts of !WOW! -Pakistan, the great O' Captain Imran Khan, a first rate leader and a splendid warrior of selfless service in the cause of fighting cancer at, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital.
See Ya all and, Captain, on !WOW! -the World Students Society and Twitter-!E-WOW! -the Ecosystem 2011:
''' The Service '''
Good Night and God Bless
SAM Daily Times - the Voice of the Voiceless
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