10/11/2012

Dolly the sheep cloning biologist dies at 58

British scientist Keith Campbell is pictured
 in 2008.

A British biologist who was a key part of the team which created Dolly the sheep, a breakthrough in animal cloning, has died, it was confirmed Thursday.

Professor Keith Campbell, who was 58, passed away last Friday, a spokesman from the University of Nottingham said.

Campbell oversaw the scientific research that helped create Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell, in 1996 at the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute.

Ian Wilmut, who led the Dolly team, was reported as saying Campbell deserved two-thirds of the credit for the lamb's creation.

"I am very saddened and upset to have heard of the death of my former colleague Keith Campbell," Wilmut said in a statement.

"I want to send sympathy and best wishes to his family in this difficult time."

Dolly created a sensation when she was revealed to the public one year after she was born.

Animal cloning research has progressed rapidly since, with cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, dogs and cats all cloned, as well as laboratory animals like mice and rats.

Campbell worked with the Roslin Institute from 1991 to 1999 before becoming a professor of animal development at the University of Nottingham.

-  France24.com

Food safety watchdog among four slammed by EU court

A corn field in France in August 2012.

AFP - The European Court of Auditors criticised on Thursday the EU agency responsible for genetically-modified foods authorisations, currently at the centre of a row over a French study linking GM corn to cancer in rats.

The Italy-based European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was one of four European Union agencies charged with consumer protection but is said to have poor procedures involving conflicts of interest.

French scientist Gilles-Eric Seralini recently refused to share full details of his research with watchdog EFSA, which he said was too close to the biotechnology agri-business it monitors, a charge frequently levied by environmental campaigners as well.

The inspectors found fault with management at EFSA, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

The other three were to varying degrees criticised even more, but "the court concluded that none of the selected agencies adequately managed the conflict of interest situations," according to a report published on Thursday.

The court said the aviation body EASA in particular had to "develop comprehensive agency-specific policy and procedures for managing conflict of interest," but all four were urged to do more when "screening candidates for conflict of interest before their appointment."

In a statement, EFSA said many of the court's recommendations were "already integrated in EFSA?s working processes," but that it "will carefully examine any recommendations which may remain outstanding."

The court report showed that these included, for instance, "introducing gifts and invitations policies and procedures."

Germany have lost their way, admits Khedira

AFP - Germany's Real Madrid star Sami Khedira has said the national side must get back to basics in their World Cup qualifier against the Republic of Ireland after he admitted careless mistakes have crept into their game.

Germany top Group C with two wins from two but have been unconvincing since their Euro 2012 semi-final defeat to Italy in June.

"It's about consistently acting as a unit and team. We have lost our way," Khedira told Friday's edition of the Frankfurter Allgemeine newspaper.

"We have forgotten the small details and fine elements which are important for our game to be successful."

After Germany produced flowing attacking football to finish third at the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, Joachim Loew's team were unimpressive in their Euro 2012 campaign when they lost to Italy in the semi-finals.

"Now it is our duty to again show, like we did some of the time at the Euro, the almost perfect level of football," he said.

Bayern Munich president Uli Hoeness criticised Loew last weekend for being too soft on his players after they visited a Formula One race during their Euro 2012 preparations.

But Khedira said the players should ignore the debate and focus on football.

"We should not let the talk about luxury, leisure activities or sponsors drive us crazy," he said.

"We are free people and the national squad should not be like a prison in which we are locked up.

"If any player was locked up in the team hotel for four weeks during a major tournament, I don't think he would produce his best performance."

Germany face Ireland in Dublin on Friday and Sweden in Berlin next Tuesday.

Rooney to captain England as Lampard ruled out

Manager Roy Hodgson (R) and captain Wayne Rooney attend a media
 conference at the team's hotel in Watford, north of London October 11, 2012

(Reuters) - Wayne Rooney will be given the opportunity to captain England for the first time in a competitive international in their World Cup qualifier against San Marino after Frank Lampard was ruled out of the match through injury.

England face the European minnows at Wembley on Friday, four days before a sterner test against Poland in Warsaw.

Rooney, who has 76 caps for England and missed the opening two Group H matches after suffering a nasty cut playing for Manchester United, captained his country in a friendly against Brazil three years ago.

"I enjoy working with Wayne, we had a good Euros," manager Roy Hodgson told reporters on Thursday.


Vice-captain Lampard had been in line to lead out the team on Friday in the absence of usual captain Steven Gerrard who is suspended for the match.

"Frank had a scan earlier in the week. He tried to train apart from the team on Wednesday morning and he still felt a problem with his calf. There has been a slight tear.

"It's not a major problem but the best thing is for him to go back to his club and receive treatment on a daily basis. We will reassess the situation on Sunday."

Lampard's Chelsea team mate Ryan Bertrand has also pulled out of the squad for Friday's match through illness.

Djokovic reaches Shanghai quarters with ease



(Reuters) - Second seed Novak Djokovic served well and barely broke a sweat as he marched past Spaniard Feliciano Lopez 6-3 6-3 to reach the quarter-finals of the Shanghai Masters tennis on Thursday.

The world number two from Serbia, who last week won the China Open in Beijing, served 12 aces and lost seven points on his serve to continue his rich vein of form.

"I'm trying to enjoy the efficiency of my serve," Djokovic told reporters.

"I'm not very well known around the tour for big serving. But so far in this tournament, and also in Beijing, it has been working very well for me.

"It has been giving me a lot of free points, a lot of confidence in the matches."

Defending champion Andy Murray, who had a bye in the first round and a walkover in the second, also had an easy outing against Ukraine's Alexandr Dolgopolov and won 6-2 6-2 in under an hour.

Big-serving American John Isner, seeded number eight, hit 17 aces to Radek Stepanek's four but the Czech still managed to eke out a 6-4 6-7 6-3 victory to set up a quarter-final date with third seed Murray.

Fourth seed Tomas Berdych battled past American Sam Querrey 6-2 6-7 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes to keep alive his hopes of qualifying for November's season-ending World Tour finals in London.

Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, seeded fifth, also remained on course for London by defeating Marcos Baghdatis of Cyprus 6-2 7-6.

"I feel like I (am) playing (a) really good level," Tsonga said. "I played great. I think I (have) improved my game a bit these last couple of months.

"I (have) worked a lot. It's only now (that) I (have) started to play well, so I hope I will continue to play like this."

The Zombie Room by R.D. Ronald

An unlikely bond is forged between three men from very different backgrounds when they serve time together in prison. A series of wrong turns and disastrous life choices has led to their incarceration. Following their release, Mangle, Decker and Tazeem stick together as they return to a life of crime, embarking on a lucrative scam. But when they stumble upon a sophisticated sex-trafficking operation, they soon realise that they are in mortal danger. The disappearance of a family member and the murder of a dear friend lead the three to delve deeper into a world of violence and deception. In their quest for retribution and justice, they put their lives on the line. Their paths cross with that of Tatiana, who has left her home country for a better life in the West - or so she thinks. She soon realises she is in the hands of ruthless, violent people, who run an operation supplying girls to meet the most deviant desires of rich and powerful men. Will she survive the horrors of The Zombie Room? Are Mangle, Decker and Tazeem brave enough to follow her there, in an attempt to set her free?

Mulberry, Illincic wrap up London Fashion Week

LONDON (AP) — The models have packed up, the temporary runways taken down. London Fashion Week on Tuesday wrapped up five hectic days of women's wear shows, a whirlwind display of new colors and textures for next spring from big name designers and newcomers alike.

London hosts a more eclectic collection of designers and labels than fashion weeks in New York, Milan and Paris, and the latest crop of spring and summer designs seen this week has been a big mish-mash: Futuristic metallic leathers at Burberry, sweet '50s pastels at Temperley, '70s disco fever at Jonathan Saunders, and '90s minimalism at quite a few other shows.

While there was no overriding theme, there were micro-trends set to make their way to high street stores come spring. All-white and monochrome outfits were seen everywhere, as were pretty confectionery shades of mint and lemon.

Futuristic, shiny materials like plastic or fabrics with a foil-like, iridescent or even holographic sheen were popular, as was the use of sheer, feminine layers in organza, chiffon or mesh.

On Tuesday, things kicked off with '70s-inspired florals, wide-leg trousers and mannish suits at luxury label Mulberry, best-known for its leather handbags. The collection, delivered with a humorous British flair, nodded to several of the season's popular trends: Sleek trouser suits, all-season leather, metallic jacquard, and head-to-toe ice-cream pastel shades.

Model-turned-designer Roksanda Illincic followed with a collection of dresses with simple feminine shapes and minimal detailing, leaving her use of beautiful color combinations and glossy fabrics to do the talking.

Day Five also saw collections by a handful of younger and adventurous designers. Simone Rocha, the daughter of British fashion institution John Rocha, deftly combined schoolgirl innocence and tough attitude, while maverick duo Meadham Kirchoff sent the party home with a spectacularly whimsical show of Marie Antoinette fashion gone mad.

Tuesday's shows ended a week that saw models and celebrities like Kate Moss and One Direction's Harry Styles flocking to the catwalks' front row. Lady Gaga stole the limelight Sunday with a starring turn at milliner Philip Treacy's comeback show.

The fashion brigade moves on to Milan for more shows that begin Wednesday. Paris Fashion Week begins next Tuesday.


MULBERRY
Luxury brand Mulberry has ditched most of the playfulness in its recent seasons, showcasing a spring collection that's still quirky but definitely grown-up.

Mulberry's show at London's swanky Claridge's hotel was decorated with dozens of garden gnomes and fake geckos crawling on rose bushes - a typically wacky atmosphere of pretty English garden meets exotic creatures.

But appearances were deceptive, and the clothes themselves were more sophisticated than the setting suggested.

Creative director Emma Hill sent models down the catwalk in oversized leather biker jackets and mannish tuxedos in navy, black and white. The 1970s-inspired collection had floral embroidery, floor-length skirts, flower buttons and high-waisted wide legs, updated with metallic jacquard printed with mini-flowers and geckos.

Leather separates and trouser suits balanced flirty pleated skirts. There were muted brown ensembles along with head-to-toe sweet pastels in mint and peach - including pastel-colored shoes and handbags, the brand's bestselling item.


ROKSANDA ILLINCIC
Taking her inspiration from artists, Roksanda Illincic's catwalk show had plenty of ensembles for the woman who wants to look stylish without trying too hard. Simple, streamlined shapes like tailored shifts and breezy A-line dresses came in high-impact color combinations that really popped: Tangerine with cobalt, mango, dirty pink or white.

Sometimes all the colors came together on one dress, like a modern abstract painting.

Models cradled oversized satin clutch bags and wore patent courts with multi-colored block heels.

The show, staged in the Savoy Hotel's glamorous ballroom, ended with a series of ensembles made in a glossy, laminated organza.

Illincic counts U.S. first lady Michelle Obama and Britain's Kate Middleton among fans of her sleek style. Her show had many of her popular signature elements: Beautiful colors, high-waisted silhouettes, feminine bell sleeves and modest mid-calf or ankle-grazing hemlines.

But this season the designer said she wanted to shake up the elegance with casual wear - like taking an evening dress shape and making it out of T-shirt or jersey materials.

"It gives an element of fun, something unexpected," she said.


SIMONE ROCHA
Budding talent Simone Rocha has her designer dad's giant shoes to fill, but she seems to be taking it all in her stride.

The 26-year-old showcased her latest spring collection at London Fashion Week Tuesday, a collection of all-white outfits, sheer cut-out panels, neons and leather that mixed schoolgirl innocence with cool attitude.

The collection started with dazzling white button-up shirts and boyish shapes in Broderie Anglaise, but the prim look was soon undercut by thigh-revealing, irregular shaped sheer panels on the front or back of skirts.

High-collared, neat shapes in muted shades of butter and toffee followed, but soon things were shaken up with a pale sundress overlaid with a high-shine neon yellow PVC plastic, all-over metallic gold foil vests and skirts, and floral-crocheted skirts and oversized jackets in fluorescent yellow and neon coral.

Models wore mannish brogues with clear plastic soles and heels, a design that has been worn by celebrities including Rihanna and proved to be Rocha's best-selling product.

Rocha debuted at London Fashion Week in 2010.


MEADHAM KIRCHOFF
English-French design duo Edward Meadham and Benjamin Kirchhoff are known for staging riotously fun and different shows, and this season they met expectations with a collection piled high with over-the-top, Marie Antoinette style corsets, bodices, bows and frills.

Although the invitation and the opening track told of a humorous "damsel in distress" theme, the models were more like fairy godmothers with an enchanted wardrobe.

Acting sleepy or deep in thought in their theatrical outfits, models drifted around stands set up on the catwalk and plucking roses and cupcakes from them.

There were big puffy sleeves, thigh-high boots, feather gloves and big skirts layered over skinny trousers, all embellished with lashings of bows and jewels. Not very practical, but certainly shows the fun and entertaining face of London fashion.

Uganda is now one of the best places for tourists

Once a war-torn country ravaged by bloody civil war, Uganda is now one of the best places for tourists to visit in Africa. Tourists from around the world now seem to be favoring Uganda as their favored country in Africa.

Kenya tourism secretary Dr. Nelson Githinji recently said that Uganda tourism sector grew by 25% in 2011, a commendable performance compared to other countries like South Africa which recorded only 21% growth – a country which recently hosted the Football World Cup in 2010.

“One of the primary reasons for this impressive growth was the country's increasing stability and the guaranteed security it offers to tourists,” Githinji said.

Uganda suffered a civil war during the 1980s when the Uganda Bush War raged between 1981-1986 claiming more than 100,000 lives. An insurgency is still ongoing in the northern part of the country waged by the Lord's Resistance Army operating from Southern Sudan. But for the past 20 years, most of Uganda has so far experienced relative peace and political stability, particularly in the southern part of the country.

Githinji said that the tourism growth can be also attributed to the country's landmarks. Popular places that have welcomed great amounts of tourists include Murchison Falls Park, Queen Elisabeth National Park, and the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest with its world-renowned Mountain Gorillas.

Uganda is a country located in the African Great Lakes Region, and focuses its tourism industry on wildlife and nature destinations. The country's national parks draw about 200,000 visitors each year.

The Murchison Falls Park is the country's largest park covering an area of almost 4,000 square kilometers. Other well-known national parks are the Lake Mburo National Park, and the Kibaale National Park.

Other popular activities include boating along the River Nile and the country's lakes; hiking and mountain climbing. Uganda's well known peaks include the snow-capped Margeritha peak, Mount Gahinga, Mount Sabyinyo, Mount Muhavura, Mount Elgon, and the Mountains of the Moon of Rwenzori National Park.
Tourists visiting the country often arrive at the country through neighboring Kenya.

Tourism plays important role in Uganda's economy contributing about 5% of the country's GDP.

Nobody Walks (2012)

Nobody Walks is a 2012  independent film directed by Ry Russo-Young. The film premiered in Competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival and won a special Jury Prize.

The film stars Olivia Thirlby as Martine, John Krasinski as Peter, Rosemarie DeWitt as Julie, Jane Levy as Caroline, Dylan McDermott as Leroy and Emma Dumont as Yma.

Magnolia Pictures will release the film on VOD September 6, 2012 and in theaters October 12, 2012.

Synopsis: 23 year old Martine (Thirlby) has just arrived in the Silver Lake area of Los Angeles when she moves into a wealthy family's pool house, and begins working to complete work on her art film. Meanwhile, Peter (Krasinski), a laid-back father of two, agrees to his wife's request to help their young guest complete the project. The more time Martine spends with her surrogate family, however, the more apparent it becomes no one will walk away from this situation unchanged.

Justin Bieber is distant cousin of Gosling and Lavigne

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — Call it the Canadian dynasty of teenybopper pop and movie stardom.

Genealogists at Ancestry.com say they've discovered teen idol Justin Bieber is a distant cousin of movie star Ryan Gosling and singer Avril Lavigne. Their family link dates back to some of Quebec's earliest settlers 400 years ago, the Utah-based company said Thursday.

As if Bieber didn't have enough superstar genes, Ancestry.com also said he's a distant relative of singer Celine Dion.

"The great thing about family history is that you never know what you're going to find," said Michelle Ercanback, a researcher with Ancentry.com. "It was a very pleasant surprise."

Ercanback said researchers begun tracing Bieber's family lineage about a year ago by paging through teen-idol magazines to find biographical tidbits from the pop star.

What they say they found was that Bieber and Gosling are 11th cousins once removed, and Bieber and Lavigne are 12th cousins. They share common relatives Mathurin Roy and Marguerite Bire, the researchers said. Both were born in France in the early 1600s, married in 1637, and moved to Quebec, where Roy worked as a master mason.

The genealogists also said Bieber and Dion are 10th cousins three times removed because they're linked to French couple Jacques Vezina and Marie Boisdon, who were born in the early 1600s. They moved to Quebec, where they died in 1687.

Ercanback said she didn't know if these celebrity links are "sufficient to point to the existence of a superstar gene."

In July, Ancestry.com announced they had found that President Barack Obama could be the descendent of an African slave, after an examination of his white mother's family history.

U.S. Falls and Asia Gains in University Rankings

Although the California Institute of Technology held on to its No.1 spot, the world university rankings issued last week by the British publication Times Higher Education make sobering reading for American academics. While the United States still dominates the rankings, taking 7 of the top 10 places, Harvard slipped from second to fourth place, pushed out by Oxford and Stanford. Over all, 51 U.S. universities in the top 200 fell in the rankings.

Asian universities were the biggest gainers, with universities in China, Singapore and Australia moving up the table, as did every university in South Korea, led by Seoul National University, which jumped to 59th place from 124th. “We’ve been talking for years about the rise of Asia,” said Phil Baty, editor of the rankings. “But this is the first solid empirical evidence.”

Institutions are ranked on 13 measures including teaching, research, citations, funding and international outlook, based on a mix of information supplied by each school and data from Thomson Reuters. According to Mr. Baty, “a lot of the metrics Asia does well in are the ones where spending more money has an immediate impact.” While overall spending on university education in the United States has declined slightly in the past year, from 2.8 to 2.6 percent of gross domestic product, countries like South Korea and China have been investing heavily in their universities.

“There have also been really severe funding cuts for state universities in the U.S.,” Mr. Baty said, pointing to the falling ranks of schools like the University of California, Davis (which went to 44 from 38), Pennsylvania State University (to 61 from 51), the University of Massachusetts (to 72 from 64) and Arizona State University (to 148 from 127).

Apart from Britain, which had three universities in the top 10 — Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial College — the next highest-ranked European institution was the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, which ranked 12th. The Netherlands had 12 universities among the top 200, although its highest-ranked, the University of Leiden, was in 64th place.

“A lot of the movement in the rankings comes down to hard cash,” Mr. Baty said. “Running a world-class university is very expensive.”

— D.D. GUTTENPLAN


Moody’s gives Cambridge highest possible rating

The University of Cambridge can now call itself a straight-A student.

As the financial crisis continues to play out across Europe, Cambridge has been awarded a top AAA rating by Moody’s, according to a statement by the ratings agency last week. This makes Cambridge a safer investment than the British government, which is rated AAA with a negative outlook. Moody’s has a stable outlook on the university’s AAA rating.

Cambridge, which recently marked its 800th anniversary, was credited in Moody’s statement with an “outstanding market position” and “stable revenue.” Moody’s also praised the university for its “importance to the U.K. economy” and its global sources of money, making it less reliant on government funding than other British universities.

According to Moody’s, Cambridge can now borrow as much as £350 million, or $565 million, for investment in research facilities, accommodation and other university assets.

— MARY HUI
   

(Nytimes.com)

'Super-Entity' Of 147 Companies At Center Of World's Economy, Study Claims

Barclays Bank tops the Swiss researchers' rankings
A Swiss study appears to have uncovered what anti-capitalist activists have been claiming for years -- that the global economy is controlled by a small group of deeply interconnected entities.

But don't grab a pitchfork and head to the nearest Occupy protest just yet. Systems researchers say this isn't the result of an Illuminati-type global conspiracy, but rather a natural force to be expected.

"Such structures are common in nature," complex systems expert George Sudihara told NewScientist.

According to the study's authors -- a trio of systems researchers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology -- the research isn't ideologically motivated. Instead, they say, it's the first attempt at mapping the power structure of the global economy, an effort that may help to prevent future financial crises.

What they found, they say, was an economy so deeply interconnected that its structure is alarmingly susceptible to shocks.

The researchers say that while there's nothing wrong, in and of itself, with the concentration of capital in the hands of a small number of companies, when those companies become too interconnected, they can cause chain reactions that can harm the economy.

"If one [company] suffers distress," study co-author James Glattfelder said, "this propagates [itself]."


That fits with recent experience; the financial crisis of 2008 began as a problem of excessive liabilities at a handful of companies. But these companies had financial links to the rest of the industry, and their insolvency threatened to take down the entire financial system.

The 5 companies at the top of the Swiss researchers' rankings.



1: Barclays Bank

2: Capital Group Companies

3: Fidelity Investments

4: AXA Insurance

5: State Street Corporation



Read more at Huffingtonpost

Headline Oct11,2012/ Lakshmi Mithal


''LAKSHMI MITTAL: 
'The Greatest Steel Magnate The World Has Ever Known!'

As far as I know, Lakshmi Mittal is India's greatest Icon! He is the first Indian ever to make his fortune exclusively overseas.

Andin a fair and square manner! Like the Rockfellers and Bill Gates, Mittal name is a household love in India and this name is now moving to even greater social circles all over the world.

For a snap shot, Mittal employs over 320,000 people in 60 countries and he lives in the world's most expensive residence. His business interests include Steel, iron ore, coal mines, railroads, shipping, television, and now oil. So, let me move forward in a lateral manner so that you really enjoy this Post.

In 1995, at a Steel Conference speech in Hamburg, he said his goal was to produce 20 million tonnes. This at a time when the world's then biggest manufacturer, Nippon Steel, was making 27 million tonnes.Everybody laughed.The upstart was laughed at.The industry felt no need to go global. Executive imaginations could not make the leap. They never thought that steel could be transported, like oil, to customers around the globe. They did not see the advantages of scale.

Mittal's chief operating officer who has been involved in all his acquisitions since the early Nineties -asked,''Shouldn't we pause for a year and take stock?'
Mittal's answer was the same as it always had been: ''We must grow, we must move on.''

''He has the risk appetite of someone from an emerging country,'' said Jeremy Fletcher, Managing Director of an Investment Banking Division of Credit Suisse.
It is trademark Mittal to launch a Takeover with no detailed idea of how to execute it. He has the vision, sees the prize, but brings in others to do the execution.
In the battle for Arcelor, the deal cost Mittal Euro 25.4 billion and a bitter fight that involved Six billionaires, Seven governments, their Prime Ministers and Presidents, and hundreds of Lawyers and Investment Bankers.The 13 Banks, which advised both sides on the deal, between them $200 million in fees. Mittal's total adviser bill for the banking, legal, lobbying, and communications work required to acquire Arcelor amounted to $188 million. That calculated to One Million dollar a day according to the first annual report of the new company.

In fact, the whole deal was a between a protectionist ''Old Europe''  -represented by Arcelor, which had been forged out of former state owned companies in France, Luxembourg and Spain with their Heritage of binding union agreements and government stakeholders  - and Mittal's sleeker ''Anglo-Saxon'' free market acquisition machine where shareholders rule the roost. Riven with accusations of anti-Indian Racism, allegedly double dealing German Steel Makers -who backed both sides.
Mittal kept his nerves right through the battle as it got fought out in Boardrooms and parliamentary sessions in Brussels, Paris, and Luxembourg.

This enlightening Post continues.So stay through and read the great achievements of a great and remarkable human! And with many thanks to !WOW!  

Good Night & God Bless

SAM Daily Times - the Voice of the Voiceless

Mummy's Sinus Infection, Tooth Problems Revealed By CT Scans

The development of high-resolution CT scanning technology over the past 20 years
 meant researchers could examine the male mummy's ancient dental problems and
 treatment in great detail.


Around 2,100 years ago, at a time when Egypt was ruled by a dynasty of Greek kings, a young wealthy man from Thebes was nearing the end of his life.

Rather than age, he  may have succumbed to a sinus infection caused by a mouthful of cavities and other tooth ailments, according to new research on the man's odd dental filling.

Recently published CT scans of his mummified body allowed researchers to reconstruct details of his final days.

The man, whose name is unknown, was in his 20s or early 30s, and his teeth were in horrible shape. He had "numerous" abscesses and cavities, conditions that appear to have resulted, at some point, in a sinus infection, something potentially deadly, the study researchers said.

The pain the young man suffered would have been beyond words and drove him to see a dental specialist. Dentistry was nothing new in Egypt, ancient records indicate that it was being practiced at least as far back as when the Great Pyramids were built. Dental problems were also not unusual, the coarsely ground grain ancient Egyptians consumed was not good for the teeth.


A modern-day dentist would have a hard time dealing with the young man's severe condition and one can imagine that the ancient dentist must have felt overwhelmed. The researchers noted that even today infections associated with the teeth pose a "serious health risk."

Nevertheless the ancient specialist tried something to relieve his suffering. Using a piece of linen, perhaps dipped in a medicine such as fig juice or cedar oil, the expert created a form of "packing" in the young man's biggest and perhaps most painful cavity, located on the left side of his jaw between the first and second molars.

The packing acted as a barrier to prevent food particles from getting into the cavity, with any medicine on the linen helping to ease the pain, the study researchers said. Sadly, while this likely helped the young man out, he would succumb shortly after, perhaps in just a matter of weeks. Researchers can't say for sure the cause of death, but the sinus infection is a good possibility.

When he died he was mummified, his brain and many of his organs taken out, resin put in and his body wrapped. Curiously, embalmers left his heart inside the body, a sign perhaps of his elite status, researchers say.

After being mummified he was likely put in a coffin and given funerary rites befitting someone of his wealth and stature. Where he was laid to rest in Thebes isn't known, as his story picks up again in 1859 when James Ferrier, a businessman and politician, brought the mummified body (the whereabouts of the coffin is unknown) to Montreal, where today it lies in the Redpath Museum at McGill University.

Reconstructing his story

To figure out the mummy's story, researchers led by Andrew Wade, then at the University of Western Ontario, used new high-resolution CT scans of his teeth and body, reporting their dental-packing discovery recently in the International Journal of Paleopathology. Researchers said this is the first known case of such packing treatment done on an ancient Egyptian. Unlike a modern-day dental filling, this one didn't aim to stabilize the tooth.

"The dental treatment, filling a large inter-proximal cavity [a cavity between two teeth] with a protective, likely medicine-laden, barrier is a unique example of dental intervention in ancient Egypt," the team writes in their journal article.

Wade, who completed the study while working on his doctorate, pointed out in an interview with LiveScience that advances in CT technology made this discovery possible. The small linen mass was initially found during a scan in the mid-1990s, but the scanning resolution of the time was too low to allow a full analysis. The high-resolution scanner his team used was six times as powerful.

"The technology's come a long way in the last 20 years," he said.

-  Huffingtonpost.com